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Windows are fixed to the wall openings in buildings for entry of daylight and the free circulation of air.
They consist of a frame which is fitted in the opening of the wall and small shutter frames of wood or glass attached to the frame by hinges.
Windows have different types of movements of shutters:
• Fixed Type - the framework is fixed and fitted with glass.
• Opening Outside - the shutters open outside a building.
• Opening Inside - the shutters open inside a building.
• Top-hinged - the shutter is hinged at the top of the frame, and it can be moved outside.
• Bottom-hinged - the shutter is hinged at the bottom and can be moved inside.
• Pivoted - the shutters are formed to rotate about a pivot that is fixed to the window frame. These can be rotated horizontally or vertically based on the position of the pivot adjusted to the frame.
• Sliding - the shutters can move both horizontally and vertically inside.
• Double Hung - In this, one shutter goes up, and the other shutter comes down.
Windows are classified on the types of the opening of shutters and the position and also on types of materials used. The most common materials used are timber, steel and aluminium.
The shutter opens like doors and also manufactured just like the doors. This window comprises a frame consisting of styles, top rail, and bottom rail. These frames are made similar like door frames, but all the windows are provided with a sill at the bottom.
These windows are similar to casement windows except that no rebates are present and the shutter movement is slightly different. The shutters are allowed to swing around pivots and allow more light than side hung windows. The windows can be pivoted horizontally or vertically and easy to clean.
These windows comprise a pair of shutters that can slide within the grooves fitted in the frame. Each sash is provided with a pair of metal weights with connected cord or chain over a pulley. The shutters are open to the required level when the weights are pulled and provide ventilation.
These windows are provided in case of louvered doors, which provides adequate privacy but allows free passage of air. The shutter consists of a top rail, bottom rail and two styles which are grooved to receive the louvers at an angle of 45° in a fixed position.
In these windows, these shutters move on roller bearings either vertically or horizontally. They are provided in the walls to receive the shutters and preferred in buses, trains, shops, bank counters, etc.
Metal windows are made of mild steel, bronze, aluminium in standard sizes. These windows are widely used these days and can be fixed directly to the wall or wooden frame.
Sashes are rebated to receive the glass panels, and glass is fixed in a position either by putty or by small fillets called glazing beads. These windows are fully glazed casement windows.
These windows are provided at the gable ends of the roof and are using from old times.
These windows have two perpendicular faces which are placed at the corner of a room. They provide adequate light and air from two directions and also add appearance to the building.
These windows increase the opening area as they project outside the external walls of a room. They may be square, splayed, circular, and polygonal or in other shapes and admit more light and ventilation.
The main purpose of providing dormer windows is to admit light and air to the rooms. They are constructed within or below the roof slopes.
These windows are fixed near the top of the main roof, using pivoted windows. They provide ventilation to the inside of the room which is blocked by a window. They can be opened or closed by use of two cords, one attached to the top rail and the other to the bottom rail of the shutter.
Steel may corrode, timber may attack by termites, but aluminium does not have any defects. Aluminium window frames are more durable but little costly compared to others.
Check Out: Types of Doors, Exterior and Interior Doors
Ishwaranand
posted on May 28, 2020 11:06:46 AM